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CRAP (lovely name)
The following is a brief overview of the 4 basic principles of design :
C R A P
 
Reference: Williams, R. 1994, The Non-Designer’s Design Book, Peachpit Press, USA
 

Contrast

 
Contrast can be the most important visual aspect of a page. The principle is to avoid elements on the page that are merely similar – if they [...]

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PRINCIPLES OF COLOUR

Understanding Colour
Review the Colour Matters site and determine why some colours appear to hurt the eye!
From the same site – Color Matters – explore how computers generate colours and what this can mean to your multimedia images:           

The Psychology of Colour
Some colours make us happy and others, sad.  Colours have the ability [...]

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Exploring Visual Design
 

Exploring Visual Design
 
“At the beginning of a project, the screen is a blank canvas, ready for you, the multimedia designer, to express your craft. The screen will change again and again during the course of your project as you experiment, as you stretch and reshape elements, draw new objects and throw out old [...]

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What is Multimedia?
How do you define multimedia in today’s e-Learning context?
It can be defined as tools engaging learners interactively.

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Social Learning Theory
 
Albert Bandura (1977) combines behaviourist reinforcement with cognitive processes for understanding the behaviour of others.
 
Bandura empasises the importance of observing and modeling – his 2 key elements for learning are: experience and expectations
§         Experience enables us to learn the consequences of our actions
§         Expectations are formed by our experiences
 
Four processes underlie this type [...]

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Constructivist Approach
Bruner’s Constructivist Theory:
 
Bruner (1966) based his theory on learning by discovery – information should be  organised in a spiral manner that allows the learner to re-arrange and re-assemble content to create new insights.
 
According to Bruner, discovery and meaningful learning enhances recall and transfer of learning. The main objective is to build upon knowledge [...]

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A Humanist approach

The Humanist approach developed from the Cognitive but focuses on experiential learning and the assumption that the individual is ever seeking greater personal adequacy, self-esteem and self-actualisation.
 
Humanists emphasise the individual’s innate need to achieve personal worth, dignity and creativity and believe a better society will evolve by nurturing these qualities.
 
Humanist teachers can create [...]

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A Cognitive Approach
What effect might meaningfullness and insight have in e-Learning contexts?
Meaningfulness and insigh would be acheiveable in an e-Learning context because students are able to explore the content themselves. Therefore, E-learning context should be personalized for each student so that it would be more meaningful for the individual students. The context should also be [...]

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A Behaviourist approach

 
Behaviourists attempted to study behaviour and learning from a scientific approach – only observable and measurable behaviours are reliable. 
 
They explain human behaviour in terms of cause and effect – therefore learning is a modification of behaviour by application of stimuli, shaping of responses and the provision of reinforcement.
 
Learning is demonstrated in [...]

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What is learning?
 
“The best definition is to conceive of learning as a relatively permanent change in behaviour with behaviour including both observable activity and internal processes such as thinking, attitudes and emotions.”
Burns, R. 1995, The Adult Learner at Work.
 
What is your definition of learning?
I think learning is the building up of knowledge or learning something [...]

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